Southern Africa is the southernmost region of the African continent, variably defined by
geography or geopolitics, and including several countries. The term southern Africa or Southern Africa , generally includes Angola , Botswana, Eswatini (formerly known as Swaziland), Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa , Zambia , and Zimbabwe, though Angola may be included in Central Africa and Malawi and Mozambique in East Africa . From a political perspective the region is said to be unipolar with South Africa as a first regional power .
The terrain of Southern Africa is varied, ranging from forest and grasslands to deserts . The region has both low-lying coastal areas, and mountains.
In terms of natural resources, the region has the world’s largest resources of platinum and the platinum group elements, chromium , vanadium , and cobalt, as well as uranium, gold , copper,
titanium, iron , manganese , silver, beryllium and diamonds . East and southern Africa are among the earliest regions where modern humans (Homo sapiens) and their predecessors are believed to have lived. In September 2019, scientists reported the computerized determination, based on 260 CT scans , of a virtual skull shape of the last common human ancestor to modern humans/ H. sapiens , representative of the earliest modern humans, and suggested that modern humans arose between 350,000 and 260,000 years ago through a merging of populations in East and South Africa .
The region is distinct from the rest of Africa, with some of its main exports including platinum, diamonds, gold, copper, cobalt and uranium, but it is similar in that it shares some of the problems of the rest of the continent. While colonialism has left its mark on the development over the course of history.
High rate of poverty and corruption , and HIV / AIDS are some of the biggest factors impeding economic growth. The pursuit of economic and political stability is an important part of the region’s goals, as demonstrated by the SADC. In terms of economic strength, South Africa is by far the dominant power of the region. South Africa’s GDP alone (estimated at circa US$350 billion) is many times greater than the GDP’s of all other countries in the region.
Generally, mining, agriculture and tourism sectors dominate the economies of Southern African countries, apart from South Africa which has a mature and flourishing financial sector, retail sector, and construction sector. Most global banks have their regional offices for Southern Africa based in Johannesburg, South Africa. Over the years, some the other Southern African nations have invested in economic diversification, and invested public funds into rail, road and air transportation as part of a concerted effort through SADC to boost regional trade and improve communication and transportation. The countries in this region also belong to the Southern Africa Power Pool, which facilitates the development of a competitive electricity market within the SADC region and ensures sustainable energy developments through sound economic, environmental and social practices. The main objective of the power pool is to develop a world class, robust and safe interconnected electrical system across the Southern African Region. According to a report by Southern Africa Power Pool, the three largest producers of electricity in Southern Africa as at 2017, include Eskom in South Africa with an estimated 46,963MW, Zesco in Zambia with 2,877MW and SNL of Angola with 2,442MW.
Southern Africa has a wide diversity of ecoregions including grassland , bushveld , karoo ,
savannah and riparian zones . Even though considerable disturbance has occurred in some regions from habitat loss due to human overpopulation or export-focused development, there remain significant numbers of various wildlife species, including white rhino , lion , African leopard , impala , kudu, blue wildebeest , vervet monkey and elephant . It has complex Plateaus that create massive mountain structures along the South African border. Best of Southern Africa.

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